The United States has suspended its participation in the Permanent Joint Board on Defense, a bilateral forum with Canada established during World War II to coordinate continental security. The decision, announced by US Undersecretary of Defense Elbridge Colby, reflects growing frustration within the Trump administration over what it describes as Canada’s failure to meet defense commitments. Colby cited a gap between rhetoric and action, stating the US must reassess the value of the partnership. The board has historically served as a key channel for military coordination between the two neighbors.

Canada, under Prime Minister Mark Carney, committed in 2025 to increase defense spending to 5 percent of GDP, with 3.5 percent dedicated to core military capabilities. Despite this pledge, US officials argue progress has been insufficient. The strain extends beyond defense, as President Trump has criticized Canada on trade, border security, and drug trafficking, even suggesting Canada become the 51st US state. These tensions coincide with upcoming USMCA renegotiations involving the US, Canada, and Mexico.

The move has drawn criticism from within the US, including from Republican Representative Don Bacon, who warned that hostile rhetoric has damaged a vital alliance. While NATO allies agreed last year to boost defense spending, Canada’s strategic pivot toward greater autonomy has clashed with the current US administration’s demands for burden-sharing. The future of the defense board remains uncertain as both countries navigate a shifting bilateral relationship.