Despite well-documented dangers, plans to send humans to Mars are moving forward. Planetary scientists warn that a round-trip mission lasting approximately three years would expose astronauts to galactic cosmic rays at three times the rate of low Earth orbit, with radiation-induced mortality projections exceeding 5% and serious health consequences affecting up to 20% of crew members. Mars lacks a global magnetic field and has a thin atmosphere, offering minimal protection from space radiation. Solar energetic particle events add sudden, unpredictable risks, with only about 30 minutes of warning to reach shelter. During the seven-month transits, astronauts would experience microgravity, leading to bone mineral density loss of 1 to 1.5% per month and muscle atrophy, even with exercise countermeasures. A 2013 PLOS One study predicts that 100% of crew on a long conjunction-class mission would develop osteopenia, with one-third at risk for osteoporosis. On the surface, Mars’s one-third Earth gravity may not be enough to reverse this decline. Psychologically, simulations like Mars-500 show chronic sleep issues, reduced physical activity, and mood deterioration over 500 days, without real-time Earth support or rescue options. NASA and SpaceX acknowledge these hazards, but the drive to explore continues despite unresolved engineering challenges, including life support, in-situ propellant production, and return flight capability.